DUKE ELLINGTON

Biography

Edward Kennedy "Duke" Ellington (1899–1974) was born in Washington, D.C. to a middle-class African American family, where both parents fostered his early interest in music. Initially aspiring to be a painter, Ellington began piano lessons at age seven and was soon drawn to the vibrant ragtime and jazz scenes of his hometown. By his teens, he was performing in local bands and, in 1923, moved to New York City, where he became leader of The Washingtonians, a group that evolved into his legendary orchestra.

Ellington's career flourished in New York, especially after his orchestra secured a residency at Harlem's Cotton Club in 1927. The club's regular radio broadcasts propelled Ellington and his band to national fame, showcasing his innovative approach to big band jazz. Ellington was renowned for his inventive use of orchestration, blending individual musicians' sounds to create rich, complex harmonies and moods. He composed or collaborated on over a thousand pieces, including classics like "Mood Indigo," "Sophisticated Lady," and "Take the 'A' Train" (written by Billy Strayhorn).

Throughout his five-decade career, Ellington continually expanded the boundaries of jazz, collaborating with a diverse array of musicians and composing for film, stage, and concert halls. He described his work as "beyond category," embracing influences from classical, popular, and world music. Ellington's legacy as a composer, bandleader, and cultural icon is unmatched; he is widely regarded as the most significant composer in jazz history and was posthumously awarded a Pulitzer Prize Special Award for music in 1999.

Fun Facts

• Ellington was nicknamed 'Duke' as a child due to his elegant manners and dress.
• He was invited to the White House in 1931, a rare honor for a Black musician at the time.
• Ellington composed more than 1,000 pieces, making his catalog the largest recorded personal jazz legacy.
• He continued to subsidize his orchestra from his own royalties even as big bands fell out of fashion after World War II.

Associated Acts

• Duke Ellington’s Spacemen - eponymous
• Duke Ellington & His Washingtonians - eponymous
• Duke Ellington Quartet - eponymous
• The Duke Ellington Trio - eponymous
• Duke Ellington’s Jazz Ensemble - eponymous
• Duke Ellington’s Hot Five - eponymous
• Duke Ellington & the Jungle Band - eponymous
• Duke Ellington and His Orchestra - eponymous
• Duke Ellington and His Orchestra - eponymous, original
• Duke Ellington & His Washingtonians - eponymous, original
• The Duke Ellington Sextet - eponymous, original
• Duke Ellington and His Rhythm - eponymous, original
• Leonard Feather’s Esquire All‐Americans
• Billy Strayhorn Trio - piano
• Duke Ellington Octet - eponymous, original, piano
• Duke Ellington & His Band - eponymous, original
• The Washingtonians
• The Harlem Footwarmers
• Mills' Ten Black Berries

Musical Connections

Mentors/Influences

• James P. Johnson - Ellington learned Johnson's piano style from piano rolls, which influenced his early jazz technique. (Carolina Shout) [1910s]

Key Collaborators

• Billy Strayhorn - Strayhorn was Ellington's composing and arranging partner for nearly 35 years. (Take the 'A' Train, Satin Doll, numerous suites) [1939–1974]
• Juan Tizol - Trombonist and composer in Ellington's orchestra; contributed compositions. (Caravan) [1930s–1940s]
• Jimmy Blanton - Bassist whose innovative style helped define the band's sound during its creative peak. (Blanton-Webster Band recordings) [1939–1941]
• Ben Webster - Tenor saxophonist featured during the band's creative peak. (Blanton-Webster Band recordings) [1939–1943]

Artists Influenced

• Charles Mingus - Mingus was inspired by Ellington's compositional style and orchestration. (Mingus's big band works) [1950s–1970s]
• Thelonious Monk - Monk drew on Ellington's harmonic innovations and approach to jazz composition. (Monk's solo and ensemble works) [1940s–1960s]
• Steely Dan - The band covered Ellington's "East Saint Louis Toodle-oo," reflecting his influence on later popular music. (Pretzel Logic (1974)) [1970s]

Discography

Albums

Top Tracks

1. In A Sentimental Mood (Duke Ellington & John Coltrane)
2. My Little Brown Book (Duke Ellington & John Coltrane)
3. Isfahan (Far East Suite)
4. The Feeling Of Jazz (Duke Ellington & John Coltrane)
5. Take the "A" Train (Piano In The Background (Expanded Edition))
6. The Single Petal Of A Rose - The Queen's Suite (The Ellington Suites)
7. Haupe (Anatomy of a Murder)
8. It Don't Mean a Thing (If It Ain't Got That Swing) (The Great Reunion)
9. Satin Doll (Jazz Profile: Duke Ellington)
10. Take The Coltrane (Duke Ellington & John Coltrane)

External Links

• Spotify
• Wikipedia
• MusicBrainz

Tags: #big-band, #duke-box, #jazz